{"id":992,"date":"2026-07-11T20:59:54","date_gmt":"2026-07-11T19:59:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/?p=992"},"modified":"2026-07-11T21:13:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-11T20:13:54","slug":"992","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/?p=992","title":{"rendered":"Norman Leevers, Composer and Sound Recordist"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"335\" height=\"421\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-photo-from-June-1953-British-Kinematography-Journal.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-photo-from-June-1953-British-Kinematography-Journal.jpg 335w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-photo-from-June-1953-British-Kinematography-Journal-239x300.jpg 239w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frederick Norman George Leevers (1911\u20131988)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pioneer of British Sound Recording, Founder of Leevers-Rich and Composer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Frederick Norman George Leevers was born in Japan in 1911, he built a career that crossed several worlds: the development of talking pictures, professional sound recording, film production, magnetic tape technology and music composition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, the name Leevers-Rich is remembered mainly by audio historians for its professional tape recorders, but Norman Leevers&#8217; contribution began decades earlier. He was involved in the earliest years of sound cinema, created one of Britain&#8217;s important independent sound companies, and helped shape the technology used by film-makers and broadcasters for much of the twentieth century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Early life and family background<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Frederick Norman George Leevers was born in Japan in 1911, where his father, Frederick William Leevers, was working as an engineer. His mother was Annie Fawcett. When he was just short of a year old, the family returned to England. His sister, Adrienne Leevers, was born in Rugby Warwickshire. She went on to become a journalist, scholar, parliamentary candidate, educational pioneer and headmistress of one of England&#8217;s first comprehensive schools, before later moving to Africa to establish and run a school. (A separate blog post has been written about her). The 1921 census shows the family living at 60 Park Avenue North, Hornsey in Middlesex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Training as a sound engineer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By the late 1920s, Leevers had entered the emerging field of sound engineering. He later used the professional designations: F. N. G. Leevers, B.Sc., A.C.G.I., M.B.K.S.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These indicate: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B.Sc.<\/strong> (Eng) \u2014 Bachelor of Science from University of London (ref. High Fidelity September 1952)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A.C.G.I.<\/strong> \u2014 Associate of the City and Guilds of London Institute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M.B.K.S.<\/strong> \u2014 Member of the British Kinematograph Society<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1928 \u2013 Sound-film work in Paris<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1928, Leevers joined the C.F.T.H. Acoustic Laboratories in Paris, where he worked on sound-film equipment. This was a remarkable period in cinema history. The industry was moving rapidly from silent films to talking pictures, and engineers were solving the technical problems of recording, synchronising and reproducing sound. Leevers was therefore involved at the very beginning of the sound-film revolution. A later contemporary profile of Leevers recorded that he worked in Paris designing sound-film apparatus before returning to Britain to continue his career in film sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1930 \u2013 Film Recorders Ltd.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After his work in Paris, Leevers joined Film Recorders Ltd., continuing to specialise in sound recording technology. This period gave him further experience in the practical problems of film production and helped establish his reputation as a technical expert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1933 \u2013 Chief Sound Engineer at British Screen Service<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By 1933, Leevers had become: Chief Sound Engineer at British Screen Service. This was a significant achievement for a man still in his twenties. It demonstrated that he was already regarded as one of Britain&#8217;s leading specialists in film sound.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1936 \u2013 Founding of Leevers, Rich &amp; Co. Ltd.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1936, Norman Leevers entered into partnership with Roy Rich and founded: <strong>Leevers, Rich &amp; Co. Ltd.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A contemporary report published in <em>Kinematograph Weekly<\/em> in September 1946, marking the company&#8217;s tenth anniversary, described the beginning of the firm and named the two founders. The company&#8217;s first venture was a mobile sound recording unit for location work. This was a significant innovation. In the Kinematograph Weekly of 20 August 1936 p. 41a, it tells of a compact yet comprehensive recording truck being put on the road by two young men, Norman Leevers and Roy Rich of 47-48 Berners Street, W1. Designed for shooting on location. (a photo accompanied the article but it was too dark to be useful).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1937 \u2013 Expansion into post-synchronisation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The success of the mobile recording unit enabled the company to expand. In 1937, Leevers-Rich opened a small post-synchronising studio, extending its activities beyond location recording into studio-based sound production. The company developed expertise in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>film dubbing;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>soundtrack production;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>post-synchronisation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sound effects;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>library music.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within a few years, Leevers-Rich had become a significant independent technical unit within the British film industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1938 \u2013 International recognition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1938, Leevers travelled to Norway to assist with sound equipment for Norway&#8217;s first feature film. A contemporary newspaper report stated that British equipment and British recordists were to be resposible for sound recording. The recording truck operated by Leevers and Rich was shipped out to Norway on a two month&#8217;s contract. Norman Leevers was to supervise the recording.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"380\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-newspaper-article-1938-Norway.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1023\" style=\"width:365px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-newspaper-article-1938-Norway.jpg 380w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-newspaper-article-1938-Norway-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kinematograph Weekly<br>23 June 1938 p. 52d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1939 \u2013 A growing sound business<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1939 Register records Norman Leevers living in Barnet, Hertfordshire. He was listed as Managing Director and Technician of Electric Sound Recording Company. At this time he was single and living with his parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Marriage and War Years<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1940 Norman married Margaret Bessie Andrew in Brentford, Middlesex. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the Second World War, Leevers-Rich continued its sound recording activities. The company survived the Blitz of London. A contemporary report in the Kinematograph Weekly 8 May 1941p. 20a noted that although a neighbouring building was destroyed during the Blitz, the company&#8217;s delicate recording equipment survived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1944 \u2013 Expansion into Wardour Street<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the latter part of 1944, Leevers-Rich moved to larger premises in Wardour Street, Soho, London. The company installed two studios equipped for: 35mm recording; and 16mm recording. By this stage, Leevers-Rich had become a substantial force in British film sound.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"268\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image.png 268w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-140x300.png 140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kinematograph Weekly 31 August 1944 <br>p. 43d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1946 \u2013 Ten years of achievement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In  the 26 September 1946, <em>Kinematograph Weekly<\/em>  p. 77a, an article celebrated the company&#8217;s first decade.  The article reported that Leevers-Rich had completed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>soundtracks for more than 3,000 35mm films;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>more than ten million feet of 16mm recording.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Post-war innovation \u2013 magnetic recording<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the war, Leevers-Rich expanded into professional magnetic recording equipment. The company developed professional tape recorders including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Synchropulse;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Series C recorders;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Series D recorders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These machines became widely used in professional film, television and broadcasting environments. The company became particularly associated with high-quality British professional recording equipment during the era when magnetic tape transformed the industry.<br>In the Kinematograph Year Book, 1947, there is a career summary for Norman Leevers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>education;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C.F.T.H. Acoustic Laboratories, Paris, 1928;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film Recorders Ltd., 1930;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chief Sound Engineer, British Screen Service, 1933;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>formation of Leevers, Rich &amp; Co. Ltd., 1936.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norman Leevers is named as the sound recordist for a film on the British Council Film archive showing Westminster Abbey. <a href=\"https:\/\/film.britishcouncil.org\/resources\/film-archive\/westminster-abbey\">https:\/\/film.britishcouncil.org\/resources\/film-archive\/westminster-abbey<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"370\" height=\"471\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Excerpt-from-p.-44-of-High-Fidelity-magazine-Sep-1952.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Excerpt-from-p.-44-of-High-Fidelity-magazine-Sep-1952.jpg 370w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Excerpt-from-p.-44-of-High-Fidelity-magazine-Sep-1952-236x300.jpg 236w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1025\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1.png 360w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/image-1-223x300.png 223w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">High Fidelity September 1952 p. 44-45<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Kinematograph Weekly 14 May 1953 p. 9b it states that the Newman Memorial Plaque was presented to Norman Leevers, of Leevers-Rich and Co., for his development of kenematographic technique and in particular the Synchro pulse system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norman Leevers is mentioned multiple times in British newspapers. He is particularly mentioned in the Kinematograph Weekly. In the 15 May 1958 issue, p. 7, it was reported that the membership of the British Kinematographic Society was almost 1000. Norman Leevers was voted, unopposed, as the President of the new Council and was invested with the chain of office and commended for his valuable work for the society. He was the only person who had been president of the British Sound Recording Association and of the BKS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inventor and patent holder<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leevers continued to contribute technically. A 1950 patent record lists: &#8220;Method and device for sound film recording and playback&#8221; showing his continuing involvement in the development of sound technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"541\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Leevers-Rich-syncropulse-recorder-advert-Kinematograph-Weekly-28-July-1960-p.-31a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1027\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Leevers-Rich-syncropulse-recorder-advert-Kinematograph-Weekly-28-July-1960-p.-31a.jpg 905w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Leevers-Rich-syncropulse-recorder-advert-Kinematograph-Weekly-28-July-1960-p.-31a-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Leevers-Rich-syncropulse-recorder-advert-Kinematograph-Weekly-28-July-1960-p.-31a-768x459.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Leevers-Rich Syncropulse Advert from Kinematograph Weekly 28 July 1960 p. 31a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An interesting article about the Leevers-Rich company is in the Studio Sound Tape Recorder December 1968  online <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldradiohistory.com\/Archive-All-Audio\/Archive-Studio-Sound\/60s\/Studio-Sound-1968-12.pdf\">https:\/\/www.worldradiohistory.com\/Archive-All-Audio\/Archive-Studio-Sound\/60s\/Studio-Sound-1968-12.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"722\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-given-award-photo-June-1953.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-given-award-photo-June-1953.jpg 722w, https:\/\/levers.one-name.blog\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Norman-Leevers-given-award-photo-June-1953-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 722px) 100vw, 722px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">British Kinematography Vol. 22 No. 6,  June 1953 p. 142<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Composer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norman Leevers was said to also be a composer. This is mentioned numerous times on Internet searches. However, no specific reference to any compositions have been found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Later years and death<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norman Leevers continued his involvement with sound and recording technology into later life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He died on 14 January 1988 age 76 years at Twickenham, Middlesex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">References<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/museumofmagneticsoundrecording.org\/ManufacturersLeeversRich.html\">https:\/\/museumofmagneticsoundrecording.org\/ManufacturersLeeversRich.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">British Newspapers Archive, particularly the Kinematograph Weekly<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High Fidelity magazine: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldradiohistory.com\/Archive-All-Audio\/Archive-High-Fidelity\/50s\/High-Fidelity-1952-Sep-oct.pdf\">https:\/\/www.worldradiohistory.com\/Archive-All-Audio\/Archive-High-Fidelity\/50s\/High-Fidelity-1952-Sep-oct.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Internet Archive: Gives Norman Leevers qualifications and career path. The Kinematograph Year Book [year unclear] <a href=\"https:\/\/ia801405.us.archive.org\/19\/items\/kinematographyea33unse\/kinematographyea33unse_djvu.txt\">https:\/\/ia801405.us.archive.org\/19\/items\/kinematographyea33unse\/kinematographyea33unse_djvu.txt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[the entry is copied below]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Norman  Leevers,  B.Sc,  A.C.G.I. \n\nGraduate  of  London  University.  Since  Talkies \nhas  specialised  in  the  technical  side  of  film  pro- \nduction, and,  in  particular,  overseas  work.  Was \nemployed  in  the  C.F.T.H.  Acoustic  Laboratories, \nParis,  1928,  designing  sound-film  apparatus. \nJoined  Film  Recorders,  Ltd.,  in  1930,  as  research \nengineer.  Became  chief  sound  engineer  to  British \nScreen  Service  in  1933.  Formed  Leevers,  Rich \n&amp;  Co.,  Ltd.,  in  1936,  of  which  he  is  the  Chairman \nand  Managing  Director.  Managing  Director  of \nBritish  Cine  Recording,  Ltd.,  and  Director  of \nWallace  Productions,  Ltd.  Addresses: \u2014 34,  St. \nStephens  Gardens,  St.  Margarets,  Twickenham, \nMiddlesex  ;  and  80-82,  Wardour  Street,  W.i. \nPhone  :  Popesgrove,  2346. <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_992\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"992\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 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